The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.